This cross-sectional study examined the oral health status of 606 Syrian refugee children in a Jordanian camp. Findings revealed an average DMFT of 4.32 and an OHI-S of 1.33 with no gender differences. Approximately 40% had a DMFT score of 5 or higher. Most participants did not brush regularly. Females showed better oral hygiene habits. There were no significant gender-based differences in DMFT scores, except for higher scores in the 7–9.9 age group compared to others. The study also explored associations between oral health indicators and malocclusion traits.